Text under Inks, Printers….. change to read: FDES has the requisite training, instrumentation and experience to address issues regarding inks and machine printed documents; both of which are frequently inter-related to handwriting issues and other questions related to date, origin and authenticity. Non-destructive microscopic and instrumental examinations of pen and printer inks (and toners) are frequently conducted as a means to distinguish similarly appearing inks/toners; an issue in cases involving suspected insertion of text or pages after the fact. Numerous examinations and comparisons with respect to writing inks, ink-jet and laser (toner) printers are conducted for purposes of determining the authenticity, origin and/or relative date of suspect documents.,